电视节目模板之版权法定位和保护探析

The Copyright Position and Protection of Television Program Formats

电视节目模板是系列电视节目中每集重复的标准样板,它规定节目的理念、规则流程、参与角色、视听元素等。目前,各国司法界和学术界对于电视节目模板之版权法地位问题的认识仍然处于模糊不清的地带。电视节目模板具有可版权性,但由于受到思想表达二分法的制约,节目模板保护的现实需求仍难得到满足,其原因为电视节目模板中最应该保护的"核心创意",正是思想表达二分法在版权法客体中予以排除的部分。对思想表达二分法作出突破的解决之道,即在坚持以汇编作品的标准为节目模板对元素的选择、安排、呈现提供较弱保护的同时,兼顾考量节目模板在理念框架上的独创性程度,对确有较高独创性且不过于抽象的节目模板"核心创意"同样给予版权保护。这是兼顾激励产业创新和公共利益的一种可行的节目模板保护方法。

A television program format is the standard model repeatedly used in series programs.It provides program ideas,program rules and procedures,roles,audio-visual elements,and others.At present,the position of TV program formats in copyright law is still unclear both judicially and academically.This paper maintains that TV program formats should enjoy copyright protection,which, however,is still difficult in practice due to the restriction of idea-expression dichotomy.The ＂core creativity,＂ which needs to be protected most of all,is the very part that is ruled out of copyright object.This problem can be solved by taking into consideration the degree of originality of the formats in terms of their conceptual framework and granting copyright protection to those of high originality.