妊娠期妇女贫血及体内相关微量营养物水平的调查和分析

Investigation and analysis of anemia and levels of related micronutrients during gestation period

目的对妊娠期妇女贫血及相关微量营养物水平进行调查,分析妊娠期不同阶段贫血对新生儿体格指标的影响。方法选取重庆市铜梁县299名孕妇作为调查对象,抽取空腹静脉血样,对血红蛋白及贫血相关微量营养物进行检测,并对妊娠结局及新生儿体格指标进行随访。结果 299名孕妇中,维生素A缺乏、边缘性维生素A缺乏、铁缺乏和维生素B12缺乏的发生率分别为11.0%(33/299)、43.8%(131/299)、5.7%(17/299)和0.3%(1/299);妊娠贫血的发生率为24.5%(62/253)。孕早期贫血组孕妇血浆维生素A和铁浓度显著低于非贫血组(P<0.05);孕晚期贫血组新生儿出生体质量显著低于非贫血组(P<0.05)。结论重庆市铜梁县妊娠贫血及妊娠期维生素A和铁缺乏的发生率较高,需加强孕期营养饮食指导,及时治疗,以保证母婴健康。

Objective To investigate the anemia and levels of related micronutrients of pregnancy women and analyze the effects of anemia at different stages of gestation on physical indexes of neonates. Methods The fasting venous blood of 5 mL was drawn from 299 pregnancy women of Tongliang Country, Chongqing for detecting the hemoglobin and micronutrients related to anemia. The pregnancy outcomes and physical indexes of neonates were followed up. Results Among 299 pregnant women, the rates of vitamin A deficiency, marginal vitamin A deficiency, iron deficiency, and vitamin B12 deficiency were 11.0% （33/299）, 43.8% （131/299）, 5.7% （17/299）, and 0.3% （1/299）, respectively. The incidence of anemia during gestation period was 24.5% （62/253） . The levels of plasma vitamin A and iron of early pregnancy anemia group were significant lower than those of non-anemia group （P 〈0.05）. The birth weights of neonates of late pregnancy anemia group were statistically lower than those of non-anemia group （P〈0.05） . Conclusion The incidences of anemia, vitamin A deficiency, and iron deficiency during gestation period are still high in Tongliang Country, Chongqing. The guidance of gestation dietary should be strengthened and the anemia should be treated in time so as to ensure the health of both mothers and fetuses.