江苏省青少年意外伤害认知情况及相关因素分析

Analysis on adolescent cognition of unintentional injury and related factors in Jiangsu Province

目的了解江苏省青少年意外伤害认知状况,为开展学生意外伤害健康教育提供依据。方法采用整群分层抽样方法,对5 517名学生进行自填式问卷调查。结果 5 517名被调查学生中,认知率≥85%的有:"体育运动前应进行准备活动、紧急电话号码、浴缸里要放防滑垫、听说过意外伤害、意外伤害是我国14岁以下儿童死亡和伤残的最主要原因";认知率<40%的有:"骑非机动车不能带18岁以下的儿童、窗户和阳台上安装一般护栏不能防止孩子跌落"。认知及格率为84.88%,其中男生为82.31%,女生为87.58%;小学生为84.45%,初中生为81.75%,高中生为90.92%;省会、苏南、苏北地区学生分别为82.14%、90.56%、82.17%。单因素分析显示,学生性别、年龄、地区、性格、父亲文化程度、家庭人均月收入等与认知及格率有关(P<0.05,P<0.01)。多因素分析显示,学生性别、年龄和家庭人均月收入与伤害认知及格率呈正相关。结论应根据不同年龄青少年特点,开展健康教育和健康促进,提高他们对伤害的认知水平,降低伤害发生率。

Objective To investigate the cognitive situation of unintentional injury prevention knowledge in adolescents and to provide the intervention foundation of unintentional injury health education for students. Methods A total of 5 517 primary and middle school students were chosen to participate in a self-administered questionnaire survey by stratified cluster sampling method. Results In the surveyed students, the cognitive rates of injury prevention knowledge≥85% included： warm-up activi- ties prior to sports, knowing emergency phone numbers, putting non-slip mats in the bathtub, having ever heard of the unin tentional injury, knowing it is the first leading cause of death and disability for children under 14 years old in China. The cogni- tive rates 〈40% included： forbidding children less than 18 years carried by non-motorized vehicle, fences on windows or bal cony can not prevent failing of children. The total children cognitive passing rate of injury prevention knowledge was 84.88%, of which 82.31 % were male students and 87. 58% were female students. The passing rates of primary school students, junior middle school students and senior middle school students were 84.45 %, 81.75 % and 90.92 % respectively. The passing rates of capital city, southern Jiangsu Province and northern Jiangsu Province were 82.14%, 90. 56% and 82.17%, respectively. There were significant associations with geographic differences, gender, age, father＇s education level and household per capita monthly income on children＇s cognitive passing rates by single factor analysis. Multiple regression analysis showed that children＇s gender, age and household per capita monthly income were positively correlated with injury cognitive passing rate. Conclusion According to the characteristics of different ages of young people, health education and health promotion should be carried out in different ways to improve cognitive levels and reduce injuries.