不同认知方式分散注意力对健康人上肢加压疼痛的影响

THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT WAYS OF DISTRACTION ON TOURNIQUET-INDUCED PAIN IN HEALTHY PEOPLE

目的：考察不同认知方式分散注意力对肢体加压疼痛感觉的影响.方法：20例健康大学生在注意力集中状态（单纯加压疼痛）和分散注意力状态（自动化加工和控制性加工）下于左臂肘横纹上方1～2 cm处捆绑止血带进行加压疼痛,加压压力为26.6 kPa.记录被试者实时疼痛强度与疼痛不适度,并进行MPQ-SF量表（McGill pain questionnaire-short-form）测量. 结果：①单纯加压方式下被试者感受到的疼痛强度（3.8±1.9）显著高于控制性加工方式（3.2±1.5）（P＜0.05）.②单纯加压方式下被试者感受到的疼痛不适度（3.8±1.7）显著高于控制性加工方式（3.2±1.5）和自动化加工方式（3.2±1.5）（P＜0.005）.③MPQ-SF测量中,控制性加工方式的PPI （Present Pain Index） （3.8±1.2）显著小于单纯加压方式（5.0±1.6）（P＜0.05）.结论：控制性认知加工方式可以从疼痛的感知维度与情感维度降低疼痛感,自动化认知加工方式可以降低疼痛的情感维度.

Objective：To investigate the effects of distraction of cognition tasks on experimental pain.Methods：With the tourniquet around the left upper limb to increase the pressure to 26.6 kPa pressure,20 healthy college students were asked to access the pain intensity and unpleasantness by VRS （verbal rating scale） on the condition of focus （no dot-probe task） or distraction.After the schedule experiment,the MPQSF （McGill pain questionnaire-short form） was measured.Results：① The pain intensity was significantly lower under controlled processing distraction condition （3.2 ± 1.5）（P ＜ 0.05）,compared with that （3.8 ± 1.9） during no dot-probe task.② The pain unpleasantness in automatic processing （3.2 ± 1.5） and controlled processing distraction condition （3.2±1.5） were lower than that during no dot-probe task （3.8± 1.7） （P ＜ 0.005）.③ Comparing with the PPI （Present Pain Index） under no dot-probe task condition （5.0± 1.6）,that under controlled processing distraction condition （3.8± 1.2） was significantly lower （P ＜ 0.05）.Conclusion：Controlled processing distraction tasks help to reduce the pain both in sensory and affective dimensions,while automatic processing distraction task only reduces in the affective dimension.