坚守与退却:纪德与斯诺的社会主义旅程

Persistence or Retreat:Gide and Snow's Trips to the Socialist Counties

本文追寻纪德访苏(1936)和斯诺访华(1960、1969、1971)的足迹,研究两位西方作家考察社会主义国家时的社会背景、报道心态、报道方式及报道成果。在展示纪德和斯诺在采访中的复杂心态时,作者试图分析这样几个问题:两位来自西方的朝圣者,为什么会对社会主义国家表现出相反的解读?纪德和斯诺的不同反应是由于采访者的个性使然,还是其中蕴含着某种历史的必然逻辑?如果说斯诺在其最后的30年采访中出现了失误,那么造成这种失误的原因又是什么?

The paper reviews Andre Paul Guillaume Gide＇s trip to the Soviet Union in 1936 and Edgar Snow＇s trips to China in 1960, 1969 and 1971. It explores the social background when two western authors visited the socialist countries, and discusses their reports and achievements. In order to disclose what they were thinking during their visits, this paper tries to answer the following questions： Why these two western authors got different understandings of the socialist countries？ What are the underlying reasons behind their different reactions-different personalities or other historical reasons？ What is the reason that led to Snow＇s mistakes in interviews during the last 30 years if he did make some.