覆盖与生态拦截对旱地土壤地表径流和氮素流失的影响

Effects of Ecology Interception and Film Mulching on Surface Runoff and Nitrogen Loss in Upland Soil

采用田间径流小区定点观测试验,研究旱地土壤在降雨条件下产流量,氮素流失的特征。结果表明,旱地土壤上,采用秸秆覆盖与厢沟种植大豆,可有效的减少地表径流量以及因地表径流引起的氮素流失,且两者共同作用时,效果更明显。与传统的种植方式相比,秸秆覆盖、厢沟种植大豆、秸秆覆盖+厢沟种植大豆的径流总量分别减少21.7%,24.2%,39.5%;NH+4-N流失量分别减少40.8%,49.3%,64.4%;总氮流失总量分别减少23%,34.1%,62.2%;水溶性氮流失总量分别减少31.4%,60.3%,62.2%。同时,秸秆覆盖与厢沟种植大豆共同作用时比两者单独作用更能有效的减少NO-3-N流失总量。

The characteristic of production flow and nitrogen loss was investigated through fixed-point meas- urements in field-runoff plots of upland soil under the rainfall condition. The results showed that in upland soil planted soybean, straw mulching and ditch could effectively decrease surface runoff and nitrogen loss, and the effect was greater in combination of straw mulching and kennel. Compared to traditional cropping pattern, runoff volume of straw mulching, kennel in soybean and straw mulching＋kennel in soybean planta- tion decreased by 21.7%, 24.2%, 39.5%, and the loss of NH＋ --N, total nitrogen, water-soluble nitrogen correspondingly reduced by 40.8%, 49.3%, 64.4%, 23 %, 34.1%, 62.2%, 31.4%, 60.3%, 62.2%, re- spectively. Meanwhile, the straw mulching＋kennel treatment in soybean plantation could play more obvious effect on decline of NOa --N loss than that of straw mulching and kennel.