鲁中片麻岩低山丘陵针阔混交林蓄水保土效益研究

Study on the Function of Soil and Water Conservation of Different Theropencedrymion in Low Mountains and Hills of Central Shandong Gneiss Region

以山东省莱芜市雪野镇通天河小流域2003年3月营造的6种针阔混交林为研究对象,2013年10月采用样收获法测定枯落物蓄积量和灌草生物量,烘干法和环刀浸水法测定土壤物理性状和土壤水文效应,单环定量加水法测定土壤入渗速率,标尺法测定土壤侵蚀量,研究不同针阔混交林的蓄水保土效益。结果表明:(1)林下灌草盖度与生物量随林分郁闭度的增加而减少,而枯落物层蓄积量随林分郁闭度的增加而增加。(2)黑松刺槐混交林和侧柏刺槐混交林的土壤物理性状与土壤养分改良效果最好。(3)土壤蓄水性能以黑松刺槐混交林、侧柏刺槐混交林最好,其土壤渗透性能也较好。(4)减蚀量以黑松刺槐混交林、侧柏刺槐混交林最大。6种针阔混交林的蓄水保土效益以黑松刺槐混交林、侧柏刺槐混交林最大,黑松五角枫混交林、侧柏五角枫混交林、黑松麻栎混交林次之,侧柏麻栎混交林较差。

The objectives were to determine the function of soil and water conservation in small watershed of Tongtianhe located in Xueye town, Laiwu city, Shandong province, and used the 6 different theropenee- drymions which planted in March of 2003 as the research object, and the forests built on the scale ripple. In October 2013, sample harvest method was used to measure the stand volume of litter and biomass of shrub and grass, drying method and cutting ring water immersion method was used to measure soil physical proper- ties and water storage performance, monocyelic ring quantitative water was used to measure soil infiltration rate and scaleplate was used to measure soil erosion amount. The results showed that： （1）The biomass of shrub and grass decreased with the increasing of forest canopy closure. While the stand volume of litter in- creased with the increasing of forest canopy closure. （2）Pinus thunbergii ＋Robinia pseudoacacia and Platy- cladus orientalis＋Robinia pseudoacacia were better in soil physical properties and soil nutrients. （3）In the soil water storage capacity and soil infiltration rate, Pinus thunbergii＋Robinia pseudoacacia and Platycla- dus orientalis＋Robinia pseudoacacia showed better. （4） Compared with the control, the soil erosion a- mounts of Pinus thunbergii ＋Robinia pseudoacacia and Platycladus orientalis ＋Robinia pseudoacacia re- duced the bigger values. For the 6 kinds of theropencedrymion, Pinus thunbergii ＋Robinia pseudoacacia and Platycladus orientalis ＋Robinia pseudoacacia had the best functions of soil and water conservation, then followed by Pinus thunbergii q-Acermono maxin , Platycladus orientalis ＋ Acermono maxin , Pinus thunbergi＋Quercus acutissima , and Platycladus orientalis＋Quercus acutissima showed poorer in the func- tions of soil and water conservation.