钾肥种类及用量对马铃薯生长和品质的影响

Effects of Potassium Fertilizer Type and Rate on Yield and Quality of Potato

利用盆栽马铃薯探究钾肥种类及用量对马铃薯块茎产量、品质等指标的影响。结果表明，中量控释包膜氯化钾处理马铃薯产量最高，较不施钾空白处理（CK）提高82．81％，较普通钾肥处理提高6．04％～51．88％。适量的增施钾肥有效地提高马铃薯叶片的胞间CO2浓度、气孔导度、蒸腾速率和净光合速率，同时增加块茎中可溶性蛋白质含量、维生素C（Vc）含量和淀粉含量，并降低还原糖含量。控释包膜氯化钾处理的马铃薯品质和光合等指标与硫酸钾、氯化钾处理未存在显著差异。控释包膜氯化钾处理显著提高钾肥利用率，分别较氯化钾和硫酸钾处理平均提高80．69％和171．86％。因此，在本试验条件下可以用适量控释包膜氯化钾代替普通硫酸钾，在不影响品质的前提下获得更高的产量和经济效益。

A pot potato cultivation study was conducted to explore the effects of types and rates of potassium fertilizer on potato yield and quality. Results showed that the controlled release potassium chloride treatment had the highest yield, 82.81% higher than that of CK. The potato yield in the controlled release coated po- tassium chloride treatment increased by 6.04%-51.88% compared with common fertilizer. The applied a- mount of potassium fertilizer effectively enhanced intercellular CO2 concentration, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and photosynthetic rate of leaves, moreover increased soluble protein content, vitamin C （Vc） content and starch content of tuber, while reduced the content of reducing sugar. Coated potassium chloride had no significant differences with potassium sulfate treatments in the potato quality and photosyn- thesis indicators. Furthermore, controlled release coated potassium chloride significantly increased the potas- sium use efficiency by 80.69% and 171. 86% in one season compared with common potassium chloride and patassium sulfate, respectively. Moderate controlled release potassium chloride could be used to replace po- tassium sulfate, for the sake of more yield and economic benefits.