康德道德观及其对现实道德教育困境的开解

Kant's Moral Value and Its Resolution on the Plight of Present Moral Education

康德的道德哲学主张依靠理性力量建立纯粹的道德。康德强调,唯有出于义务的行为才具有道德价值,应将义务推向道德动机的至上地位;道德教育要逐渐使人由他律升华为自律,以摆脱自然因果律的辖制而实现真正的自由,自我立法又自我遵从的自律原则是道德的唯一原则;康德围绕义务、自律范畴阐发的道德观,为当前良好道德动机的培育、道德规范制定的主体参与及自律坚持注入了源泉和动力,充实了道德教育的内核。康德道德观的思想精髓对改善当前形式化道德教育的现状具有启发意义和借鉴价值,是开解现实道德教育困境的一把钥匙。

Kant＇s moral philosophy has claimed to develop pure morality by the power of reason. Kant has emphasized that only the behaviors done for the sake of obligation have moral values; hence obligation should be taken as supreme over other moral motivations. Besides, moral education is supposed to gradually sublimate from heteronomy to autonomy in order to get rid of the restrain of natural causality and realize real freedom. Principle of autonomy including self-rule and self-obey is the sole-principle of morality. Kant＇s moral value, which is centered on obligation and autonomy, has provided energy and encouragement to the cultivation of good moral motivations, the participation of establishing ethical rules, and the persistence of autonomy, which has enriched the core of moral education. In brief, the essence of Kant＇s moral value offers positive enlightenment and reference value to current formalized moral education, which is a key to resolving the present educational plight.