桑属植物的化学成分及药理活性综述

A Review on Chemical Constituents and Pharmacological Activity of Morus Species

我国拥有丰富的桑属植物资源,桑树不仅是传统蚕桑产业稳定发展的重要物质基础,而且还是具有很高开发利用价值的药用植物资源。桑属植物的叶、果、根、枝等均可入药,这些入药部位中的化合物类型丰富,主要含有异戊烯基黄酮类、Diels-Alder型加合物、茋类、多羟基生物碱、香豆素类和三萜类等成分,具有降血压、抑菌、降血糖、抗肿瘤、抗病毒等药理活性。充分发掘桑属植物的药用化学成分,并利用现代中药加工技术研制高效低毒的天然药物造福于人类,也有望成为蚕桑产业新的经济增长点。

Abundant Morus species in China are not only the important material basis for steady development of tradition- al sericulture but also the medicinal plant resources with high development and utilization value. The leaf, fruit, root and branch of Morus species can be made into medicine. These parts for medicinal uses are rich in chemical types, including prenylfiavonoids, Diels-Alder adducts, stibenes, polyhydroxylated alkaloids, coumarin and triterpenoids. These chemicals have hypotensive, bacteriostatic, hypoglycemic, antineoplastic and antiviral activities etc. Exploring medicinal chemical components of Morus species and developing natural medicine with high efficiency and low toxicity by modern Chinese medicine processing protocols will bring benefits to human being, and it is expected to become a new economic growth point of sericulture