不同企业类型的职业安全氛围及其与职业意外伤害的关系

Study on occupational safety climate in different types of enterprises and its relationship with occupational accidental injury

目的 评价不同企业类型的职业安全氛围及其与职业意外伤害的关系.方法 采用横断面调查设计和自填式结构式问卷的方法对中山市54家中小制造业企业的3 311名一线生产工人的社会人口学特征、对工作场所安全氛围的感受和过去1年间职业意外伤害的发生情况进行调查.结果 港资、欧美、民营企业工人对职业安全氛围的4个维度得分存在明显差异,欧美企业工人的职业安全氛围的4个维度得分均高于港资和民营企业工人（P＜0.01）.港资企业、欧美企业和民营企业工人过去1年职业意外伤害的发生率分别为4.76％、3.38％和6.72％,差异有统计学意义（x2=6.78,P＜0.05）,在进一步控制年龄、性别、收入、教育程度、婚姻等因素后,logistic回归分析结果显示,欧美企业工人发生职业意外伤害的风险明显低于民营企业（OR=0.57,95％CI=0.35-0.91）.结论 企业类型对工人的职业安全氛围和职业意外伤害的发生存在影响.

Objective To evaluate the occupational safety climate in different types of enterprises and its relationship with occupational accidental injury.Methods A cross-sectional survey based on self-report questionnaires was performed among 3311 front-line workers from 54 medium and small-sized manufacturing enterprises of different types in Zhongshan,China to investigate the socio-demographic characteristics,safety climate experience in workplace,and incidence of occupational accidental injury in the past year.Results Analysis of the data revealed that employees in different types of companies perceived different levels of safety climate,according to the scores on four subscales; the European and American enterprises had significantly better safety climate than the Hong Kong and Chinese private enterprises （P〈0.01）.The self-reported rates of occupational injury were 3.38%,4.76%,and 6.72%,respectively,for European and American,Hong Kong,and Chinese private enterprises （x2=6.78,P〈0.05）.After control of such factors as age,sex,income,education level,and marriage,the logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of occupational accidental injury in the European and American enterprises was significantly lower than that in the Chinese private enterprises （OR=0.57,95%CI=0.35-0.91）.Conclusion The type of enterprise influences the occupational safety climate and incidence of occupational injury among workers.