少震弱震区民众防震减灾意识现状的调查与分析——以江西萍乡地区为例

ANALYSIS OF THE PUBLIC AWARENESS OF EARTHQUAKE PREVENTION AND DISASTER REDUCTION IN WEAK SHOCK AREA: A CASE STUDY IN PINGXIANG,JIANGXI PROVINCE

以少震弱震的江西萍乡地区为例,通过问卷调查的方式分析了该区民众防震减灾意识的现状及特点,讨论了相应的防震减灾宣教意义。主要结论如下:1)当地民众对本地灾害的认知情况与灾害的实际发生频率基本一致;对地震等本地少发灾害影响的认可性不高。2)民众的防震减灾意识薄弱,对地震灾害基本概念了解不足,地震谣言辨识能力差,基本防震减灾技能掌握不全面。3)获取防震减灾知识与技能主要通过新闻媒体和学校。4)民众学习防震减灾知识与技能的意愿强烈。因而,有针对性地开展防震减灾教育和宣传工作,加强地震应急演练,对于提高当地民众的防震减灾技能和灾害意识,减少地震灾害损失具有重要的现实意义。

Jiangxi Province is a typical representative of weak shock area in China. By taking Pingxiang as an example, the present situation and characteristics of the awareness of earthquake prevention and disaster reduction of the social public in the weak shock area were analyzed through questionnaire sur- vey. And the effects of publicity and education about seismic disaster reduction were discussed. The main conclusions are as follows ： （ 1 ） The public＇s cognition in Pingxiang to the local disasters is in ac- cordance with the frequency of disasters, not match with the impact of individual disasters. The degree of public attention to infrequent disasters like earthquake is low, compared with other disasters, e.g. floods and droughts. （2）Most people in Pingxiang could not fully understand the basic concepts of earthquake and the relationship between seismic phenomenon and earthquake disaster. Local people show little distinguishable ability when faced with earthquake rumors. And their capacity to master the skills about earthquake prevention and disaster reduction is not adequate. The surveyed data show that the mastering level of the public in Pingxiang in escaping skills is better than their emergency medical capabilities. （3）News media and school education are the main ways for the public to acquire earth- quake knowledge and skills about earthquake prevention and disaster reduction. Government dissemi- nation activities and science books are also important approaches for public acquisition of earthquake knowledge and earthquake-prevention skills. Few people gained earthquake knowledge and earthquake disaster reduction skills through personal experience. Compared with other regions, the role of Pingx- iang Government in the publicity and education of earthquake knowledge and disaster-reduction skills remain to be reinforced. （4）The majority of local people have strong desire to learn more knowledge and acquaint more skills about earthquake prevention and disaster reduction. To raise the public＇s dis- aster awareness and improve the coping skills for earthquake prevention and disaster reduction, it is of practical significance to conduct pertinent dissemination and education, and launch earthquake emer- gency drills.