大鼠膝关节改良不稳定性骨性关节炎模型的建立及病理特征

Establishment of rat improved osteoarthritis model and pathological features

目的：通过切断前交叉韧带并强迫活动建立大鼠改良不稳定性骨关节炎模型,观察其病理变化,为骨关节炎的研究提供简便理想的动物模型.方法：健康5月龄Wistar大鼠,一侧予以手术处理,建立骨性关节炎模型组,每日大腿外侧肌肉注射青霉素10万IU.观察关节软骨退变现象,并行Mankin评分.结果：模型组随着时间的延长,软骨退变呈进行性发展.4周时未见任何退变征象,8周时软骨面色暗,部分可见小裂纹,从12周后软骨不同程度糜烂、剥脱,与假手术组之间比较,差异均有统计学意义.光镜观察显示,模型组4周深层同源软骨细胞群数目显著增加;模型组8、12、16周与假手术组比较,退变加重,中间层及深层软骨细胞逐渐变化,差异均有统计学意义;模型组20周时,软骨退变最重,甚至剥脱,各层细胞排列及形态均有明显变化.结论：切断前交叉韧带并强迫活动能成功诱发大鼠膝关节骨关节炎改变,其病理变化随时间的增加而加重.

Objective： To establish a rat model of osteoarthritis by anterior cruciate ligment transection （ACLT） and driving rat to move and to observe its pathologic features so as to provide an ideal animal model for research of osteoarthritis. Methods： Healthy 5-month-old Wistar rats were enrolled in this study. One randomly selected knee was subjected to ACLT, and the other knee served as a blank control without surgical operation （experimental group）. During the postoperative 3 days, ] 0 IU penicillin was injected into the thighs of each rat once a day to prevent infection. The knees were harvested to observe the pathologic change of cartilage macroscopically and microscopically, and results were evaluated with Mankin Score. Results： The pathological changes in the experimental group were aggravated with time. Macroscopically, the cartilage surface of week 4 had no signs of degeneration. Cartilage surface color gloomy and small crack were seen on the postoperative week 8 experimental group. Cartilage erosion, peeling different degree were seen on the postoperative week 12, 16 and 20 experimental groups, which was different from the sham-operation group, and there was a statistically significant difference. Microscopically, more homology chondrocytes in deep tier were seen on the postoperative week 4 experimental group. Chondrocytes progressive degeneration, further changes in the middle tier and deep tier, was seen on the postoperative week 8, 12 and 16 experimental groups, which was different from the sham-operation group, and there were a statistically significant difference. Degeneration was seen more on the postoperative week 20 than week 4, 8, 12 and 16 experimental groups. Cartilage cell arrangement and form of every layer were different from the others. Conclusion： ACLT and driving rat to move can induce osteoarthritis in rats and the pathological changes were aggravated with time changing.