腰椎棘突间距和顶距的应用解剖

Applied anatomy of distance between the two adjacent spinous processes and the distance across the two adjacent spinous processes of the lumbar vertebrae

目的：对腰椎棘突间距和顶距进行解剖学研究,以期为腰椎棘突间内固定器械的设计和临床应用提供解剖学依据,并为国人体质调查积累资料.方法：测量36具完整防腐成尸第12腰椎～第1骶椎段脊柱的棘突间距和棘突顶距.结果：棘突间距从上到下逐渐减小,且前部＞中部＞后部,男性第2腰椎～第3腰椎的棘突间距最大,前部11.44 mm,中部11.24mm,后部9.22 mm.女性第1腰椎～第2腰椎的棘突间距最大,前部12.38mm,中部12.20mm,后部11.52mm.男、女性均以第4腰椎～第5腰椎的棘突间距最小,男性前部7.93 mm,中部6.92 mm,后部6.23 mm,女性前部8.74 mm,中部7.79 mm,后部6.50 mm.棘突间距无性别差异.棘突顶距从第1腰椎至第3腰椎逐渐增大,从第3腰椎至第5腰椎又逐渐减小.男、女性均为第2腰椎～第3腰椎棘突顶距最大,男58.31mm,女55.67 mm;以第4腰椎～第5腰椎棘突顶距最小,男42.69mm,女38.75mm.棘突顶距除第1腰椎～第2腰椎、第2腰椎～第3腰椎外,其余各部均有性别差异.结论：腰椎棘突间距一般从上到下逐渐减小,棘突顶距从上到下则先增大后减小,且两组数值均存在一定的性别差异.

Objective： To study the distance between the two adjacent spinous processes （DB）, the distance across the two adjacent spinous processes （DA） so as to supply the anatomical basis for the design and the clinical application of short segment internal fixation instrument between the spinous processes. And to provide the physical survey data in China. Methods： DB and DA were measured on 36 normal adult bodies. Results： The DB decreased successively from the superior to the inferior of lumbar vertebrae. To male the DBLm was the bigest, the front was 11.44 ram,the middle was 11.24 ram,the back was 9.22 mm. To female the DBLI_2 was the bigest, the front was 12.38 rnm,the middle was 12.20 rnm,the back was 11.52 mm. Both of male and female＇s DBL-5 were the smallest, the front was 7.93 mm,the middle was 6.92 mm, the back was 6.23 mm in male （8.74 mm, 7.79 mm, 6.50 mm in female）. There were not any significant differences between the male and the female＇s DB. The DA increased from the superior lumbar vertebrae to the middle, then decreased to the inferior. Both of male and female＇s DAI4_3 were the biggest, male＇s DA was 58.31 mm （female 55.67 mm）. And both of male and female＇s DAL4_5 were the smallest, male＇s DA was 42.69 mm （female 38.75 mm）. There were significant differences between the male and the female＇s DA. Conclusion： The DB decreased successively from the superior to the inferior of lumbar vertebrae. The DA increased from the superior lumbar vertebrae to the middle, and then decreased to the inferior. There were significant differences between the male and the female＇s DA.