麻黄药材中麻黄碱含量与产地生态环境关系的初步研究

Relationship between Ephedrine Contents and Growth Environment of Herba Ephedrae

目的:研究中药麻黄中麻黄碱含量与其产地生态环境间的关系。方法:在新疆14个不同地区采集麻黄药材和土壤样品,通过资料查阅和实地调查,考察产地的生态环境。采用高效液相色谱法测定麻黄中麻黄碱的含量。结果:不同地区的气候、土壤等环境条件不同,各生长地的麻黄药材中麻黄碱含量差异很大。新疆东部与中南部地区麻黄药材中麻黄碱的含量高于新疆北部与最南部地区。结论:与麻黄中麻黄碱含量相关的因素有生长地土壤中有机质、氮、磷、钾的含量和土壤的pH值等,其中土壤的pH值为重要因素。碱性土壤比酸性土壤更有利于麻黄碱的积累。另外一些可能的影响因素为气候因子(年日照时间)。

Objective：To study the relationship between ephedrine contents in traditional Chinese medicine the dried aerial parts of Ephedra intermedia Schrenk et C. A. Mey. and its growing environment. Methods： Samples of the herb and the soil at its growing site were collected from 14 selected geographic regions. Reference literatures were reviewed and on - the - spot investigation was conducted to understand the growth environ- ment. RP- HPLC was performed to determine the ephedrine contents in the herb. Results： Different regions had different environmental conditions, including the climate, soil, vegetation etc. The contents of ephedrine in the herb varied greatly. The herb produced in eastern and middle southern regions, where the soil was alkaline, had higher content of ephedrine than that produced in northern and far southern regions, where the soil was acidic. Conclusion ： The contents of organic matters, effective phosphorus, quick - acting potassium, and the pH value of the soil at the growing site are the factors that correlates with the ephedrine contents in the herb, among which the pH value of soil is the most important positive correlative factor. The alkaline soils in eastern and middle southern benefit the accumulation of ephedrine more than the acidic soils in northern and far southern regions. Other possible factors affecting the ephedrine contents in Herba Ephedrae are the climate factors （ sunshine duration）.