人类学视野下的非物质文化遗产研究——以台江苗族姊妹节为例

On intangible cultural heritages in the anthropological perspective: A case study of Miao's Sisters Festival in Taijiang

21世纪以来,非物质文化遗产研究作为一个新兴的学术研究领域引起了中国学术界的广泛关注。在现阶段"非遗"研究缺少理论支持的背景下,人类学独特的学科视角和方法论为构建"非遗"研究的理论体系起到了重要作用。在参与观察贵州省台江县官方及民间举办的苗族姊妹节活动的基础上,运用文化整体观和文化相对主义的观点分析,揭示了苗族姊妹节由于内部自身的发展、民族间的接触以及自然环境和社会文化环境的变化,节庆活动的参与者不再局限于特定对象、部分传统习俗消失、节庆活动的内容和社会功能呈现多样化等变迁现象。鉴于此,应做好姊妹节的整体规划,在合理利用这一民俗文化资源时必须尊重文化主体的权益,以激发他们参与保护文化遗产的热情。

Since the beginning of the 21st century, research on intangible cultural heritages, as a new academic field, has attracted widespread attention in Chinese academic circles. The unique perspectives and methods of anthropology play an important role in con- structing the theoretical systems of research on intangible cultural heritages. In April, 2013, the author carried out a participatory ob- servation of the Miao＇s Sisters Festival in Taijiang County, Guizhou Province in southwestern China. The research employed cultural holism and cultural relativism as an analytic framework. This article addresses changes in the internal development of the festival as well as contact between ethnic groups and changes in their natural, social, and cultural environments. The festival participants are no longer confined to a specific ethnic group, some traditional customs have disappeared, and festival activities, contents, and social func- tions are becoming diversified. In view of this it is suggested that the overall plan of the festival should be updated to promote the ra- tional use of the existing cultural practices in which the rights of the owners of cultural heritages should be protected. In the process there may develop greater enthusiasm for participation in the Sisters Festival and the protection of intangible cultural heritages.