我国少数民族学校教育发展中的不公平现象及原因与对策研究

On educational inequity in minority areas of China and its causes and possible solutions

从整体上看,我国少数民族地区学校教育资源相对短缺、教学形式比较单一、教育质量普遍低下,造成这种教育不公平现象的原因既有社会制度和结构层面上的外部因素,也有家庭或个人层面上的内部因素,解决这种不公平有两种视角。从宏观层面,一是增加教育方面投资,提高经济的总体发展水平。从微观手段,一是提高教师待遇,加强师资力量;二是在教育政策的制定、执行中引入人类学的知识与方法,依据少数民族文化背景、价值体系、学习习惯制定和实施政策,人类学能够在更为广阔的文化情境中探索出渗入整个教育次级文化中的那些矛盾,这种跨文化的全方位的观察方法能够为理解教育过程提供新的视角;三是改革教学形式,合理设置教学内容,首先在教学中增加双语课程资源,保证双语教育下学生的升学率与就业率,国家应为此设置专项经费,保证这些措施的正常运行;其次,重视素质教育和职业教育。

Broadly speaking, the schooling in minority areas of China is characterized by the shortages of educational resources, poor teaching techniques and poor education quality. All this is caused by both external factors at the level of social structures and internal factors at the level of families or individuals. With reference to the multi - cultural education and the compensatory education programs in the United States, this paper tries to discuss these problems and offers corresponding countermeasures and suggestions from both the macro- perspective and the micro- perspectives.