成瘾人群跨期选择的神经机制及干预方法

Intervention Program and Neural Mechanisms for Intertemporal Choice in Addicts

成瘾可分为物质成瘾和行为成瘾,两类成瘾人群在跨期选择上都表现出高时间折扣率的缺陷,但也有各自的特异性特征。成瘾人群跨期选择缺陷的神经基础主要集中在评估网络(腹内侧前额叶、纹状体、后扣带皮层等)、认知控制网络(前额叶皮层、前扣带皮层等)和预期想象网络(海马、杏仁核等);可利用心理训练来改善成瘾人群跨期选择缺陷,其干预方法包括工作记忆训练、预期想象训练、金钱管理指导等。未来研究应该从成瘾者跨期选择缺陷的认知机制、3个神经网络系统的交互作用机理、行为遗传学以及开发有效的干预方法等方面展开大量研究。

Addiction can be divided into substance addiction and behavioral addiction. Although different type of addictions has its own specific characteristics on intertemporal choice, all of addictions show steep delay discounting. The neural basis of addicts＇ intertemporal choice deficits focuses on the valuation network （ventromedial prefrontal cortex, striaturn and posterior cingulate cortex）, the cognitive control network （prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex） and the imagery /prospection network （hippocampus and amygdala）. We can use mental trainings to improve addicts＇ intertemporal choice deficits. With regard to intervention, Working Memory Training, Prospection / Imagery Training and Advisor-Teller Money Manager therapy are the effective ways which have been proved to reduce addicts＇ delay discounting. Future studies should pay attention to the cognitive mechanism of addicts＇ intertemporal choice deficits, the interaction between neural networks （valuation network, cognitive control network and imagery/prospection network）, the basis of behavioral genetics and developing effective methods to reduce addicts＇ delay discounting.