从宗周到成周:孔子与司马迁的周史观

From Zongzhou to Chengzhou:Confucius and Sima Qian’s View of Zhou Dynasty History

司马迁的"周史观"乃是一种"周史变化观",承自孔子而来,并无后世"周代分期观"的烙印;"东周"与"西周"于《周本纪》中另有所指。司马迁并未用"平王东迁"作为分期周史的概念与术语。通过《史记》之《三代世表》与《十二诸侯年表》,可以发现"周厉王"与"共和元年"方是司马迁视野中周史兴衰之关键。

Sima Qian sees Zhou history asa history of changes,'a view inherited from Confucius.This view shows no trace of the later periodization of Zhou history;theEastern Zhou'andWestern Zhou'in the Imperial Annals of the Zhou Dynastyrefer to something else.Sima Qian did not use King Ping’s moving the capital eastward as a concept or term for the periodization of Zhou history.We can see from the Genealogical Table of the Three Ages and the Chronology of the Twelve Vassals in the Records of the Grand Historianthat in Sima Qian’s eyes,King Li of Zhou'and thethe first year of the Gonghe'were the key to the periodization of Zhou history.