二十世纪二十年代商会法的修订及其影响

The Amendment of the Law on Chambers of Commerce in the 1920s and Its Effects

20世纪20年代中后期,随着国民党推行的商民运动逐步兴起与扩展,商会开始遭遇前所未有的生存危机。修订商会法以确保自身存在与发展的合法性,成为许多商会的强烈诉求。国民党起初采取的策略模棱两可,但在建立南京国民政府之后,从"革命的破坏"进入"革命的建设"新阶段,对商会性质与作用的认识也有所改变,最终于1929年8月颁行新商会法,商会随之安全渡过政治危机而得以继续合法存在。此次商会法的修订不仅动因独特,而且进程复杂,商会主动参与的程度也较深。就总体而言,依照新商会法改组之后的商会,仍基本上保留了独立民间工商团体的性质。

In the mid-and late 1 9 2 0s,with the rise and expansion of the merchant movement launched by the Kuomintang,chambers of com merce began to encounter an unprecedented survival crisis.Many chambers of com merce strongly urged the amendment of the Law on Chambers of Com merce to ensure their own legitimate survival and development.The policy that the Kuomintang adopted was at first ambiguous,but after the establishment of the Nationalist Government in Nanjing,it moved from revolutionary destruction 'to a new stage ofrevolutionary construction',with a concomitant change in its understanding of the nature and role of the chamber of com merce.Finally,it enacted a new law on chambers of com merce in August 1 9 2 9,ensuring them a safe passage through the political crisis and continued legal existence.Not only did this amendment have unique causes,it also involved a complex process with which the chambers of com merce were intimately and proactively associated.In general,the reorganized chambers of com merce under the new law on chambers of com merce retained their identity as independent non-government industrial and com mercial groupings.