照亮地球深部的“明灯”——高温高压实验

The “bright lamp” into the deep Earth:experiments at high pressure and high temperature

地球是人类赖以生存和发展的家园,相对于其表层系统(大气圈、水圈、生物圈),人类对地球深部的认识仍然非常有限。地质学/地球化学方法通过研究地表出露的来自地球深部的岩石矿物和来自外太空宇宙的陨石等样品,来推测地球内部物质的性质。地球物理方法则利用地震波来探测地球内部的结构。半个多世纪以来兴起的高温高压技术,使得科学家能够在实验室中模拟地球内部的极端压力和温度环境,同时结合各种现代化分析测试手段,对岩石和矿物在极端高温高压条件下的性质状态进行原位研究,极大地促进了我们对地球内部的物质组成和结构的认识。因此,高温高压实验技术已经成为人类探索地球深部结构和物质组成的"明灯"。

The Earth is the homeland of humans for living on and development. Our knowledge of the Earth＇ s interior is relatively limited compared to surface layer （atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere）. Geological/geochemical approach interprets the properties of constituent materials in the Earth＇s interior by analyzing the minerals and rocks once occurred in the deep Earth but now were brought onto the surface and meteorolites from outer space. Geophysical approach probes the structure of the Earth＇s interior using seismic waves, With the improvement of high pressure and high temperature （HPHT） experimental techniques in the last more than a half century, scientists are able to create the extreme high pressure and temperature environment of the Earth＇ s interior. Moreovel, with various modem analytical technologies, the nature and property of rocks and minerals under high pressure and high temperature conditions have extensively been in situ studied. All of these studies advanced our understanding on the composition and structure of tile deep Earth. Therefore. the HPHT experiments become the ＂bright lamp＂ to detect the structure and composition of the deep Earth.