砂质潮土区不同小麦品种的施钾效应

Potassium Effects on Different Wheat Varieties in Sandy Soil

为给砂质潮土小麦生产中合理施钾提供理论依据,在河南省新郑砂质潮土上设置0kg·hm-2(K0)、60kg·hm-2(K1)、120kg·hm-2(K2)、180kg·hm-2(K3)和300kg·hm-2(K4)5个施钾(K2O)水平,以小麦品种矮抗58和豫农035为材料,研究了钾肥对不同小麦品种籽粒产量、蛋白质含量、氮钾养分累积、钾肥利用率等指标的影响。结果表明,随着施钾量的增加,冬小麦籽粒产量和蛋白质含量均呈先增加后降低的趋势,其中矮抗58和豫农035籽粒产量分别在K2、K3时达到最高;钾肥农学效率随着施钾量的增加而降低,在施钾量低于K3时,矮抗58的钾肥农学效率显著高于豫农035;施钾可促进两个品种对氮和钾的吸收,其中矮抗58、豫农035氮素积累量分别于K2、K3下达到最大,钾素积累量均在K3下最大,同一施钾处理下矮抗58的吸氮量、吸钾量明显高于豫农035;两个品种的钾肥利用率均以K1处理最高,在施钾量低于K3时,矮抗58的钾肥利用率显著高于豫农035。在本试验条件下,矮抗58对钾肥反应优于豫农035,适宜在砂质潮土条件下推广应用,推荐施钾量为120kg·hm-2。

Sandy soil is one of the main low-yielding soils in Henan province. In order to provide a rea- sonable application rate of K fertilizer for wheat production, two winter wheat cultivars of Yunong 035 and Aikang 58 were used and five potassium rates （K20） of, 0 （K0）, 60 （K1）, 120 （Ks）, 180 （K3） and 300 kg·hm-2 （K4） were set to investigate the effects of potassium on yield, protein con- tent, nitrogen and potassium accumulation, and K fertilizer use efficiency in wheat. The results showed that, with the increase of K fertilizer rate, the grain yield and protein content increased at first and then decreased. Aikang 58 and Yunong 035 got their highest grain yield at K2 and K3 treatments, respectively. The K agronomy efficiency was decreased along with the increasing of potassium applica- tion. When the potassium rates lower than K3, the K agronomy efficiency of Aikang 58 was signifi- cantly higher. Compared with K0, the nitrogen and potassium accumulation amounts in the two varie- ties were significantly increased in treatments with K fertilizer application. Aikang 58 and Yunong 035 got their largest nitrogen accumulation amounts in K2 and K3 treatment, respectively. However, the two varieties both got the highest potassium accumulation amount in K3 treatment. The nitrogen and potassium accumulation amounts in Aikang 58 were significantly higher than that in Yunong 035 in the same treatment. Both Aikang 58 and Yunong 035 got the highest K fertilizer use efficiency at K1 treat- ment. Moreover, Aikang 58 had significantly higher K fertilizer use efficiency than Yunong 035 when the potassium application was from 0 to 180 kg ~ hm-2. In conclusion, the response of Aikang 58 to K fertilizer is better than Yunong 035, it is more suitable for promotion and application in sandy soil, the optimal K fertilizer rate is 120 kg · hm-2.