双孢蘑菇工厂化栽培有机认证中培养料投入品认定及标准探讨

On the Affirmation and Standard of Compost Inputs in the Organic Certification of Industrialized Cultivation of Agaricus bisporus

[目的]为工厂化生产双孢蘑菇(Agaricus bisporus)提供参考。[方法]介绍双孢蘑菇工厂化生产中投入品种类、用量及质量要求,分析投入品及双孢蘑菇鲜品质量检测结果,提出目前有机双孢蘑菇认证中存在的不足,并提出建议。[结果]生产出的双孢蘑菇鲜嫩饱满、个大肉厚、大小一致、洁白圆整,周身布满花纹,组织致密、厚实、坚硬,有弹性,无鳞片,有半膜状菌环,柄中粗、较直短、菌褶紧密,香味独特。双孢蘑菇鲜品质量高于国家绿色食品标准(NT/T 794-2003),但生产中应用的主要投入品麦草、鸡粪、油枯等并没有经过国家有机认证,其主产品的最高质量标准也只有无公害标准。这说明投入品在不是有机的情况下,也能够生产出有机双孢蘑菇。[结论]从培养料生产阶段和培养料栽培阶段,分析提出了目前有机双孢蘑菇认证中存在的不足,建议将双孢蘑菇有机认证中对麦草、鸡粪、油枯等主要投入品的有机认证,改为对它们发酵产品培养料进行有机检测认定。

[ Objective] To provide reference for industrialized cultivation of Agaricus bisporus. [ Method ] Analyze compost types, doses and quality standards for the industrialized cultivation of A. bisporus, as well as quality test results of compost inputs and fresh products, point out deficiencies in current organic certification ofA. bisporus, and give corresponding suggestions [ Result] The products are fresh, full, fleshy, e- ven in size, white and round, coated with decorative patterns, having compact tissues, good flexibility, no scale, but semi-membranous collar- ium, thick and short stalk, compact lamella and special smell. Quality of the fresh product is higher than NT/T 794 - 2003, and major com- post inputs are not approved by National Organic Certification. The highest quality standard is pollution-free standard, i.e. without organic in- puts, it is also possible to produce organic products of A. bisporus. [ Conclusion ] Deficiencies in current certification of organic A. bisporus from the production of compost inputs to the cultivation stage were analyzed. It was suggested that the current organic certification of major compost inputs for the cultivation of A. bisporus, such as wheat straw, fowl dung, and oil cake could be changed to the organic certification of their fermentation materials.