文山三七中As分配规律及其对皂苷和黄酮含量的影响

Distribution of As in Panax notoginseng and Its Effects on Saponin and Flavonoid Contents in Wenshan Prefecture,Yunnan Province

[目的]探讨文山三七中As分配规律及其对皂苷和黄酮含量的影响.[方法]通过野外大田调查和室内分析相结合的方法研究云南文山三七主要种植区不同年份三七（二年生和三年生）不同部位（主根、须根、剪口）As分配规律,探讨As元素对三七主要药效成分黄酮和皂苷含量的影响.[结果]砷含量在三七各部位分布依次为：须根＞剪口＞主根.三七须根中As含量最高,为0.31 ～ 0.33mg/kg.3年生三七须根和主根的砷含量较2年生高.三七中黄酮含量为3.45 ～ 11.10 mg/g,2年生三七黄酮含量大于3年生三七.三七须根中黄酮含量与须根中As含量呈显著的负相关关系.总皂苷和单体皂苷含量在剪口和主根中较高,三七总皂苷含量为4.08％ ～13.51％,人参皂苷占总皂苷的90.53％～97.79％.3年生三七的总皂苷和单体皂苷含量大于2年生三七.须根中三七皂苷R1含量与须根中As含量呈显著的正相关关系;剪口中总皂苷含量、Rg1含量和Rb1含量均与剪口中As含量呈显著的负相关关系.[结论]因此,三七As含量对药效成分的影响与不同部位和不同皂苷类型有关,As能导致须根中皂苷含量的累积,须根中黄酮和剪口中皂苷含量的下降.

[ Objective ] To discuss As distribution law in Panax notoginseng and its effects on saponin and flavonoid contents in Wenshan Pre- fecture, Yunnan Province. [ Method] Field investigation and lab analysis were conducted in order to understand As distribution in different parts （ main root, fibrous root and rhizome） of P. notoginseng with two-year old and three-year old and its effects on saponin and flavonoid contents in P. notoginseng plantation area in Wenshan Prefecture, Yunnan Province, China. [ Result] The results showed that： The sequence of As contents in different parts of P. notoginseng was fibrous root 〉 rhizome 〉 main root. The highest As content was 0.31 -0.33 mg/kg in fibrous root. As contents in P. notoginseng with three-year old was higher than that in P. notoginseng with two-year old. Flavonoid content in P. notoginseng was 3.45 -11.10 mg/g. Flavonoid content in P. notoginseng with two-year old was higher than that in P. notoginseng with three-year old. Significant negative relationship between flavonoid and As contents in fibrous root was observed. Total saponin and three single saponins （ R1, Rg1 , Rbl ） contents in main root and rhizome were higher than in fibrous root. Total saponin content was 4.08% - 13.51%. Ginsenoside （ Rg1, Rb1 ） contents occupied 90.53% - 97.79% of total saponin. Total saponin and three single saponins contents in P. notog- inseng with three-year old was higher than that in P. notoginseng with two-year old. Significant positive relationship between notoginsenoside R1 and As contents in fibrous root was observed. Significant negative relationships between total saponin and two ginsenoside （ Rg1, Rb1 ） and As contents in rhizome were observed. [ Conclusion] Therefore, effects of As on saponin and flavonoid are dependent on different parts and saponins types. With As increasing, contents of saponin in fibrous root increased, contents of flavonoid in fibrous root and saponin in rhizome decreased.