城市化、社会政策创新与地域社会公民身份建构——基于东莞市的案例研究

Urbanization,innovation of social policy and construction of a local citizenship identity:A study based on the case of the Dongguan City

本文通过东莞市的案例研究发现,随着社会保障制度的改革和社会政策创新,在地方行政边界内具有本地户籍身份的城镇居民与农村居民之间的社会公民身份差距逐渐消失,而外来人口则被选择性地纳入社会权利供给范围。东莞人口的社会公民身份差异正由"城镇—农村"、"本地—外地"的双重二元分割逐渐变成"本地—外地"为区隔特征的二元差序格局。一个以东莞市辖区为边界、以东莞地域公民身份为本位的、具有福利国家性质的"福利地区"正在悄然形成。新的福利权分配体系虽然有助于弥合原本高度分割的社会公民身份,并推动了地域性社会公民身份的重构,但是长期而言却可能带来社会政策上的"一国多制"。这亟需中央政府进一步强化自身在社会政策领域的统筹职能和构建统一的"社会中国"。

Through the case study of the Dongguan City,the authors find the identity differences between the urban residents with urban hukou and those with rural hukou can be weakened in a jurisdiction as the social security system is reformed and social policies in innovation. And the floating population can also be selectively awarded with some rights the locals enjoy. The differentiated citizenship in the population of the city has been changed from the two demarcations— urban-rural and local-outlander — to one :local-outlander. A welfare-state-like'welfare-covering zone' based on a local identity is emerging quietly in the jurisdiction of the city. Although a new system of qualifications for welfare might be beneficial to narrowing the gap of differentiated citizenships and construction of a local identity,it would make China's social policy more complicated,which is in urgency for the central government to strengthen its planning in entirety in the field of social policy.