水体中隐孢子虫卵囊的浓集和纯化

Concentration and purification methods of Cryptosporidium in water samples

隐孢子虫为肠道寄生性原虫,可引起人兽共患病,隐孢子虫病暴发的主要途径是介水传播。水体中隐孢子虫的检测方法大致分为病原学检测、免疫学检测和分子生物学检测。由于水环境中隐孢子虫的含量相对较低,并且经处理后含量更低,同时为了排除环境水样中的干扰,因此在检测之前一般都需要把卵囊从浓集后的浓缩物中分离与纯化出来。浓集方法主要包括微滤膜及滤筒过滤法、超滤法、连续流式离心法、膜溶解法及絮凝沉淀法;分离纯化技术主要有浮聚法、密度梯度离心法及免疫磁珠分离法。本文即对水体中隐孢子虫卵囊的浓集以及分离纯化技术进行综述。

Cryptosporidium is an intestinal protozoan parasite that can infect humans and other mammal. Waterborne transmission is primary in the epidemiology of human cryptosporidinsis. Currently, laboratory diagnosis of Cryptosporidium in water samples has generally relied on etiological detection, immunological detection and molecular biological detection. Due to the relatively low content levels of Cryptosporidium in the environmental water, and Cryptosporidium oocysts in water samples have to be purified from water concentrates prior to avoid the interference of algae and other impurities. Concentration methods include micro-fihration membrane and cartridge filtration, ultrafihration, continuous flow centrifugation, the membrane dissolution method, and flocculation method; purification technology include flotation method, density gradient separation and Immunomagnetic Separation. Concentration and purification technology of Cryptosporidium oocysts in water samples mentioned above was summaried in this review.