美国实践取向的教师教育兴起之原因分析——以选择性教师教育为例

On the Reasons of Practice-oriented Teacher Education in the United States——A Case Study of Alternative Teacher Education

美国选择性教师教育的产生有着深刻的时代背景,它是美国近30年来一直持续的实践取向,是教师教育改革运动的一个缩影,已成为美国教师教育的重要组成部分。在解制的教师教育思想启蒙下,传统教师教育培养的教师质量受到广泛质疑,加之合格教师严重缺乏、政府不断提高教师教育质量政策等因素的推动下,选择性教师教育项目培养的教师具有较高的留职率和多样性、项目本身具有很强的针对性、灵活性和经济性等特征,促进了美国选择性教师教育的发展。

The alternative teacher education has a profound history background in the United States. It is a microcosm of the reform in American practice-oriented teacher education in recent 30 years and has become an important component of teacher education in America. Under the eenlightenment of the deregulation of teacher education, the quality of teachers trained through traditional education has been questioned. Driven by some factors, like a serious lack of qualified teachers and the policy of improving the quality of teacher education, a high retention rate and diversity of teachers trained through alternative teacher education, a very strong pertinence, flexibility and economical efficiency of the program, American alternative teacher education has developed a lot.