凝固与流动:清至民国西藏城市社会流动研究

Solidification and Mobility:the Initial Study of Social Mobility in Tibetan City from the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China

清至民国时期作为传统西藏与现代西藏的联结点和转折点,是西藏历史发展的重要阶段。受到自然、人口、社会等诸多因素的影响,西藏城市的社会流动呈现出自己的特点,一方面,西藏城市人口与区域外部流动较弱,但区域内部流动较频繁;另一方面,城市社会的垂直流动趋于凝固,出现板结性特征。社会流动的根源是社会生产力的发展,生产力水平不断提高,整个社会向上流动的比率也会提高;反之,就会出现众人的向下流动。

From the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, it is an important stage in the development of Tibet＇s history as the junction point and turning point between traditional Tibet and modem Tibet. The social mobility of Tibetan city presents its own characteristics affected by natural, population, social and other factors. On the one hand, the extra-regional population mobility of the Tibetan city is weak, but the intra-regional flow is frequent; vice versa, the vertical flow in population of urban society tends to solidify and shows compaction characteristics. Meanwhile, this paper also analyzes the factors of restricting the flow of Tibetan urban society.