天津市环境空气PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)中典型重金属污染特征与来源研究

Pollution Characteristics and Sources of Heavy Metals in PM_(10) and PM_(2.5) in Tianjin City

为了解环境空气PM10和PM2.5中重金属污染特征与来源,于2011年5~12月在天津市设立了6个采样点分期采集环境受体中PM10和PM2.5样品,分析了不同粒径颗粒物中重金属（Ni、Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、Cd、Hg、As）浓度水平、含量与来源构成.结果表明,PM10和PM2.5中重金属含量顺序均为Zn〉Pb〉Cu〉Cr〉Ni〉As〉Cd〉Hg;As、Cu、Ni、Hg浓度在秋季较高,Cd、Cr、Pb、Zn浓度在冬季较高.富集因子法分析结果表明,Zn、Pb、Cu、Cr等重金属在环境空气颗粒物中有明显富集,受人类影响较大,且PM2.5中重金属富集程度高于PM10;主成分分析法结果表明,土壤尘、燃煤、机动车尾气尘以及化工行业排放是天津市大气颗粒物中重金属污染的主要来源.

To understand the pollution characteristics and sources of heavy metals in PM10 and PM2.5,samples were collected in six different sampling stations from May to December,2011 in Tianjin.The particle concentration and heavy metals（Ni,Cu,Pb,Zn,Cr,Cd,Hg,As）in particles with different diameters were analyzed.The results showed that the order of heavy metals content in PM10 and PM2.5 is Zn＆gt;Pb＆gt;Cu＆gt;Cr＆gt;Ni＆gt;As＆gt;Cd＆gt;Hg.Concentration of As,Cu,Ni and Hg is higher in autumn.Meanwhile,concentration of Cd,Cr,Pb and Zn in winter is higher.Zn,Pb,Cu and Cr are greatly influenced by human through enrichment factor method.Moreover,the enrichment of heavy metals in PM2.5 is higher than that of PM10.The principal component analysis indicated that the main source of pollution of heavy metals in PM10 and PM2.5 are oil dust,coal,motor vehicle exhaust,and the chemical industry,which should be taken as major factors in Tianjin.