精神障碍患者的父母教养方式

Porental Rearing Style of Patient with Mental Disorders

目的 研究精神障碍患者的父母教养方式.方法 采用父母教养方式评价量表（EMBU）对2013年1-4月门诊及住院确诊并符合入组条件的精神障碍患者（患者组）进行测评,同时,以28例实习生、陪护人员作为健康对照（对照组）用EMBU量表进行测评.量表各因子分采用1～4计分法.对2组测评各因子用t检验进行统计学分析,P＜0.05为差异有统计学意义.结果 精神障碍患者的母亲对患者的理解及给予他们的情感温暖少于对照组（t =-2.17,P＜0.05）；母亲过度干涉、过度保护多于对照组（t=2.28,P＜0.05）；父亲过度保护也多于对照组（t=2.69,P＜0.01）；父、母亲对他们的拒绝否认多于对照组（t父=3.30,t母 =3.44;P ＜0.01）.精神分裂症与情感障碍患者的父母教养方式各因子间差异无统计学意义.家族史阳性患者组父亲对孩子的惩罚、严厉较家族史阴性组少（t=-2.11,P＜0.05）.结论 过少的爱、过多的干涉、保护、拒绝否认这种矛盾的教养方式易使孩子患精神障碍；精神分裂症、情感障碍患者的父母都使用这种教养方式；家族史阳性患者父亲对孩子的关注较少.

Objective To study the parental rearing style of patient with mental disorders. Methods Outpatients and inpatients with mental disorders（ patient group）in January 2013 to April 2013 were assessed by EMBU（ Egma Minnen av Bardndosnauppforstran） scale, at the same time,28 cases of interns, accompanying persons as healthy controls （control group）were assessed. Each factor was measured by a 4 - point scale. Various factors of the 2 groups were compared by t test,at a P = 0.05 level of significance. Results In the patient group, the mother of patients gave them lower warmth and understanding than that of control group （ t = -2.17, P 〈 0.05 ）, the level of mother＇s excessive interference, overprotection was higher than that of control group （ t = 2.28, P 〈 0.05 ）, the level of father＇s overprotec- tion was higher than in control group （ t = 2.69, P 〈 0.01 ） and the level of the father and motherr＇s denial toward them was higher than that of control group （ t = 3.44, P 〈 0.01 ）. The difference between schizophrenia and affective disorder factor in patients with parental rearing style had no statistical significance（ P 〉 0.05 ）. Patients with family history had more punishment and be treated more severely by their father than those with negative family history （ t = -2.11, P 〈 0.05 ）. Conclusion Too much love, over interference, protection, many refusing to deny this contradiction parenting style is easy to make children suffering from mental disorder;Schizophrenia, affective disorder patients parents likely use this kind of parenting. Patients with positive family history were paid less attention by their father.