大学新生适应与安全感、生活事件、社会支持

Relationship between Security,Life Affairs,Social Support and Adaptation of College Freshmen

目的探讨大一新生适应状况及其与安全感、生活事件、社会支持的关系。方法采用大学生学校适应不良量表、安全感量表、大中专学生负性生活事件量表、领悟社会支持量表对407名大一新生进行调查。结果大一新生的适应不良检出率为57.2%;男生在人际安全感因子上显著高于女生(t=2.380,P<0.05),而在确定控制感、家庭内支持、家庭外支持、生活事件、适应状况得分上男女生无显著差异;适应不良与适应良好学生在人际安全感、确定控制感、家庭内支持、家庭外支持、负性生活事件得分上均存在显著差异(t=-8.253,-9.207,-4.970,-4.945,5.020;P<0.001);适应分数与人际安全感、确定控制感、负性生活事件、家庭内支持、家庭外支持均呈显著负相关(r=-0.466,-0.498,-0.282,-0.261,-0.286;P<0.01);多元逐步回归显示,确定控制感、人际控制感、负性生活事件能很好地预测适应不良。结论大一新生适应不良比较普遍,适应不良者具有较低的安全感、社会支持和较高的负性生活事件。确定控制感、人际控制感、负性生活事件是影响适应的重要因素,可作为对大一新生适应不良干预的主要方面。

Objective To explore college freshmen＂ adaptation and its relationship with security, life affairs, and social support. Methods A total of 407 college freshmen received College Maladjustment Scale, Security Questionnaire, College-Secondary Specialized School Life Events Scale and Perceived Social Support Scale. Results 57.2% college freshmen were maladjustment. Male freshmen＂ score of interpersonal security was higher than females＇（ t = 2. 380, P 〈 0.05 ） ; There were no significant differences between sexes in scores of certainty in control, support in the family, support outside the family, life affairs and adjustment status. There were significant differences in the scores of interpersonal security, certainty in control, support in the family, support outside the family, life affairs between maladjustment freshmen and good adaptation （ t = -8. 253, -9. 207, -4. 970, -4. 945,5. 020 ; P 〈 0. 001 ）. The score of adjustment status was significantly correlated with the score of interpersonal security, certainty in control, support in the family, support outside the family, life affairs（ r =-0.466,-0. 498,-0. 282,-0. 261,-0. 286;P 〈 0.01 ）. Regression analysis showed that, the certainty in control factor and the interpersonal security of SQ,life affairs could predict happening of maladjustment （ = -0.288, -0.249, -0. 134）. Conclusion Maladjust- ment is common among college freshmen. Students who suffer from maladjustment have less security, social support and more life affairs. The certainty in control, the interpersonal security and life affairs should be important factors that infected adjustment.