军医学生心理健康与个人特质、应对方式的相关研究

Correlation Study between Personal Characteristics,Coping Style and Mental Health among Cadets from Military Medical Universities

目的调查某军医大学学员心理健康状况及相关因素,为制定有效的心理健康干预和心理训练提供科学依据。方法采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)对某军医大学435名学员的心理健康状况进行测评,进一步应用卡特尔16种人格因素分析(16PF)和应对方式问卷探究军校学员心理健康的影响因素。结果该军医大学学员SCL-90除抑郁因子外,其余各因子分均低于中国军校常模(t=-10.98,-14.17,-17.33,-13.49,-16.60,-8.12,-21.56,-15.05;P<0.001)。不同年级的学员在躯体化、人际敏感、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、精神病性方面存在差异(F=5.61,2.65,2.62,3.18,5.89,5.01,4.98;P<0.05),不同来源的学员人格存在差异(t=2.75,4.21,3.69,4.24,3.77,2.30,2.48,4.22,4.04;P<0.01),乐群性、稳定性、支配性、活跃性、规范性、敢为性、敏感性、世故性、忧虑性、紧张性与SCL-90总分呈显著相关(t=-1.43,-0.44,-0.21,-0.25,-0.2,-0.26,0.21,-0.17,0.34,0.44;P<0.05)。不同年级学员仅求助因子得分差异显著(F=2.67,P<0.05),不同来源的学员仅自责因子得分差异显著(t=2.91,P<0.05),且各种应对方式均与SCL-90总分呈显著相关(t=-2.71,0.41,-0.21,0.32,0.33,0.25;P<0.05)。结论除抑郁因子外,该军医大学学员的心理健康水平总体上好于中国军校学员常模。

Objective To explore the effective mental health education intervention measures and training,the study investigated the mental health among undergraduates from a military medical university. Methods Investigation was performed on 450 cadets from a mil- itary medical universities with Symptom Checklist- 90 （SCL- 90）, 16PF personality factor questionnaire （16PF）, coping style question- naire. Results The mental health score was lower than the norm of SCL -90 in Chinese cadets except the depression factor （t = -10.98,-14. 167,-17.33,-13.49,-16.6,-8.12,-21.56,-15.05 ;P 〈 0. 001 ）. Grade had a significant effect on somatization, sensitiveness of interpersonal relationship, depression, anxiety, hostile, terror and psychosis （ F = 5.61,2.65,2.62,3.18,5.89,5.01,4.98 ; P 〈 0.05 ） , and experience had a significant effect on warmth, emotional stability, dominance, social boldness, perfectionism and tension （ t = 2.75, 4.21,3.69,4.24,3.77,2.30,2.48,4.22,4.04;P 〈 0.01 ）. Warmth, emotional stability, dominace, liveliness, rule-consciousness, social boldness, sensitivity, privateness, apprehension and tension significantly correlated with the total score of SCL -90 （t =-1.43,-0.44, -0.21, -0.25, -0.2, -0.26,0.21, -0.17,0.34,0.44 ; P 〈 0.05 ）. Grade had a significant effect on self-reproach （ F = 2.67, P 〈 0.05 ） and there was a significant difference on asking for help between participants with difference experience （t = 2.91, P 〈 0.05 ）. And all coping styles significantly correlated with the total score of SCL - 90 （ t = -2.71,0.41, -0.21,0.32,0.33,0.25 ; P 〈 0.05 ）. Conclusion The mental health of the cadets is better than the norm of SCL -90 in Chinese cadets at all the dimensions except depression.