风俗观念与刘咸炘的“观风”求识之法

The Concept of Custom and Liu Xianxin's Method of Getting Historical Insight by Observing the Custom

近代学者刘咸炘借助传统风俗观念拓展史学研究的范围,强调历史活动主体与认识主体的主观属性。他揭示出归纳、考察社会风俗现象的基本思维方法。又以"纵横两观"区分时风与土风,在强调地理环境、政治教化影响力的基础上,阐发了传统风俗论中包含的文化区域观与历史进程观。

Liu Xianxin used the traditonal concept of custom for extending the scope of historical study, emphasizing the subjective attributes of historical actors and researcher. He revealed the basic methods for summarizing and researching the customary social phenomenons. He divided customs into diachronic and local phenomenons, stressed the influence of geographical environment and political indoctrination, explaned the concepts of cultural regions and historical process.