民族药滇白珠资源研究

Studies on Resources of Ethnomedicine Gaultheria leucocarpa var. yunnanensis

目的 :系统调查滇白珠的民间用法、资源分布规律、生长环境和生物学特性 ,为客观评价和合理开发民族药滇白珠奠定基础。方法 :采取查阅文献和标本与实地考察和专家咨询相结合的方法。结果和结论 :滇白珠广布江南各省 ,云南是集中分布区 ,而昆明、楚雄和大理是主产区 ,主产地气候温暖潮湿 ,滇白珠在其生长环境中不是优势种 ,有时与芳香白珠等 4种同属植物混生。滇白珠生于海拔 40 0～ 3 5 0 0m的山地 ,适应不同光照条件 ,喜光 ,多数生于向阳陡坡 ,少数生于密林下。主要以根茎进行无性繁殖。民间主要用于治疗风湿性关节炎 ,也用于眩晕、闭经、风寒感冒、咳嗽、哮喘、劳伤吐血、湿疹、水臌、跌打损伤、经闭、阿米巴痢疾、急慢性前列腺炎等疾病。今后应着重在治疗风湿性关节炎和止痛方面进行药理和临床研究 ,为开发成中药新药提供依据。

Objective: To study the resources of G. leucocarpa var. yunnanensis for further develop ment of this drug. Method:field investigating, consulting with relevant experts and looking into available specimens. Result and Conclusion: G. leucocarpa var. yunnanensis is widely distributed in the southern regions of the Yangtze River. The field investigation suggests that the distribution center is situated in Yunnan province, mainly in Kunming, Chuxiong and Dali counties. The climate in these areas is moderate and moist. G. leucocarpa var. yunnanensis is not a dominant species in this natural environment. In some places, it grows with other species of Gaultheria , such as G. fragrantissima, G. tetramera, G. griffithiana and G. leucocarpa var. cumingiana. It is distributed at altitudes from 400 m to 3 500 m. Accustomed to different sunshine conditions, G. leucocarpa var. yunnanensis prefers stronger sunlight and commonly grows on sunny slopes, seldom in dense forest, propagating itself by roots. As a folk medicine, G. leucocarpa var. yunnanensis is commonly used to treat rheumatic arthritis(RA), dazzling, suppressed menstruation, cold, cough, asthma, strain hematemesis, eczema, ascites, wound, amebic dysentery, acute and chronic prostatitis. It is suggested that further pharmacological and clinical researches of this plant be concentrated on the treatment of RA and relief of aches. [