市场歧变、行业困厄与企业习俗——论20世纪二三十年代市场危机中的华商棉纺业

Chinese Cotton Textile Industry through the Crisis of the 1920s and 1930s

民国初年,棉纺业快速扩张及其内部结构失衡,导致20世纪二三十年代棉花、棉纱价格截然不同的市场走势,上海等地民族棉纺业深陷困境。为了帮助华商纱厂摆脱危机,行业组织——华商纱厂联合会殚精竭虑展开了包括行业自救和向政府求救等一系列组织化措施,但由于行业救市行为与企业经营行为之失绪,总体成效不大。陷于市场困境的华商纱厂,其根本性制约因素缘于"商人办厂"的经营习俗和农商社会粗放式管理模式。

In the early Republic of China, rapidly expanding the cotton textile industry and its internal structural imbalance brought out price of cotton and cotton yarn to distinct trends, by which Chinese cotton mills in Shanghai and other cities have been in deep trouble during 1920s and 1930s. In order to help Chinese mills out of the crisis, industry organizations -- the union of Chinese cotton mills tried its best to organize a series of measures including self-help and government help, but those measures did not make a great effect because of worse self-help and business behavior. The fundamental constraints that caused Chinese mills in deep trouble is business custom of ＂businessmen running factories＂ and extensive management mode of agricultural-business society.