专家学者参与公共治理的行为模式分析:一个环境领域的多案例比较

Behavior Model Analysis on the Participation of Experts and Scholars in Public Governance: A multi-case comparison in environmental field

在知识经济时代,专家学者及其组织在公共治理中扮演着重要角色,但关于专家学者参与公共治理的行为模式问题,尚未引起足够的关注。为此,有必要首先从理论层面提出专家学者参与公共治理的行为模式及影响因素分析框架,进而通过分析20个环境领域的案例对此分析框架进行检验。研究发现:(1)专家学者参与公共治理的主要行为模式可分为七种,不同行为模式的效果存在较大差异:组织领导、社会运动与公共表达三种模式作用效果最好,决策咨询与代理介入模式作用效果一般,学术研究模式难以对公共事务产生直接影响,冷漠旁观模式则不能发挥作用。(2)专家学者的行为模式选择受到公共问题的属性、专家学者的自身因素、其他介入主体的行为以及相关制度安排四种因素的综合影响。据此,可建立起与影响因素关联的行为模式选择模型。

In the era of knowledge-based economy, exports, scholars and their organizations play an important role in public governance, but the behavior model of the participation of exports and scholars in public governance has not yet attrac- ted enough attention. Therefore, it is necessary to firstly propose from a theoretical level an analysis framework of the behavior model and influencing factors about the participation of exports and scholars in public governance. Then the framework is test- ed by analyzing 20 cases in the environmental field. The study has the following findings ： （ 1 ） the behavioral models of ex- perts and scholars to participate in major public governance can be divided into seven parts with big differences between the effects of different patterns of behavior： organizational leadership, social movements and public expression of three modes hav- ing the best effect, decision-making consultation and agents involved having mediocre effect, academic research model being difficult to have a direct impact on public affairs, indifferent spectator mode having no effect. （2）The choice of behavior pat- terns for exports and scholars is comprehensively influenced by four factors： the natures of public issues, the experts and scholars＇ own factors, the behavior of other subjects involved in the system as well as the system of relevant arrangements. Ac- cordingly, we could establish choice modes of behavior models associated with the influencing facto~