清水和含沙水中20SiMn和0Cr13Ni5Mo钢的空蚀行为

CAVITATION EROSION OF 20SiMn AND 0Cr13Ni5MO STEELS IN DISTILLED WATER WITH AND WITHOUT SAND

利用超声振荡空蚀实验机对两种主要的水轮机用金属材料进行了清水和含沙水条件下的空蚀行为研究．结果表明，高 硬度的０Ｃｒ１３Ｎｉ５Ｍｏ不锈钢抗清水和含沙水的空蚀性能均显著高于低硬度的２０ＳｉＭｎ低合金钢．在清水空蚀中０Ｃｒ１３Ｎｉ５Ｍｏ 不锈钢均匀脱落，而 ２０ＳｉＭｎ低合金钢不均匀脱落，表面出现明显的空蚀坑.空蚀和沙子冲蚀磨损的联合作用使得两种材料在含 沙水中的空蚀失重显著高于清水空蚀． ０Ｃｒ１３Ｎｉ５Ｍｏ不锈钢在含沙水中的空蚀孕育期显著缩短．

The cavitation erosion behaviours of the main two steels used in hydroturbine are investigated in distilled water with and without sand by ultrasonic vibration equipment for cavitation erosion. The results show that the resistance of higher hardness 0Cr13Ni5Mo stainless steel to cavitation erosion is superior to that of lower hardness 20SiMn steel. During cavitation erosion in distilled water, the breakaway from 0Cr13Ni5Mo stainless steel is uniform, but that from 20SiMn steel is not, and there are obviously craters caused by cavitation erosion. The mass loss in water with sand is much more than in water without sand for the combined action of cavitation and sand abrasion. The incubation period of cavitation erosion in water with sand of 0Cr13Ni5Mo steel becomes greatly shorter.