明代前期“九边”医疗状况初探

Preliminary research on the medical condition of the ＂jiu bian＂ （nine northern border towns） ofthe early Ming Dynasty

明代，边镇事务的中心是城墙、军备、粮饷，因而边镇的医疗资源比较缺乏，管理机构缺失，医生及药品时常短缺，军队及王府亦是如此。虽然中央不时向各边镇拨发药品，派遣医生，但均属临时性举措。由于医疗资源不足，边镇不得不从内地抽调医生，或是培养本地医生，或是从军队中选取通医者充当医生。

In the Ming Dynasty, the important affairs of the nine northern border towns were build- ing the city walls, providing armaments and provision and funds for the troops. Thus, the medical resources were relatively insufficient and the management system was not established. The supply of doctors and medi- cines were always insufficient, with similar conditions appeared in the troops and the royal government. Though the medicines and doctors were sent to the towns in the northern border frequently, yet, it was only a temporary measure. Because of the shortage of medical resources, the northern border towns had to invite doctors from inland, or train local doctor, or choose those who had medical knowledge from the army to take the responsibility of doctors.