3部汉译俄文文献记载的中俄药材贸易

Trading of crude drugs between China and Russia as recorded in 3 Chinese versions of Russianworks

19世纪前，中俄两国贸易中涉及到中药材的进出口往来。由中国输入俄国的中药材以植物性来源为主，其中以大黄为最重要的贸易品种，其次为药食两用的辛香料如八角茴香、桂皮、胡椒、姜，还有特殊的药用品种如当归、奎宁。而由俄国输入中国的药材则以动物性来源为主，其中尤以贵重的动物性中药麝香在1854年的大量输入特别引人注目，曾一次性输入7万个麝香囊，其他品种如鹿茸、羚羊角的贸易也典型体现了俄方的地域与物产特点。

Trading of crude drugs between China and Russia appeared before the 19th century. By then, exports of Chinese crude drugs to Russia were mainly plants, with Radix et Rhizoma Rhei as the most exported one, followed by both dietary and medicinal aromatic plants, such as fennel, cinnamon bark, pep- per, ginger, and Radix Angelica sinensis, and quinine. Imports of Russian drugs were mainly of animal ones, especially those valuable animals like musk sac. In 1854, the importation of a large amount of such sac, numbering as many as 70 000, was very remarkable. Other drugs included stag antler, tender horn of deer, demonstrating typically the regional and productive characteristics of Russia.