水下应急封井装置技术研究进展与建议

Technological Research Development and Suggestion on Subsea Capping Stack

为保障我国深水钻井作业和海洋环境安全,调研了国外已研制出或正在研制的水下应急封井装置的技术与装备,将其结构分为闸板防喷器式、阀门式、分体式3种形式。其功能也分为3类:仅实现关井作业;可实现关井、压井、分散剂注入、集油等作业;除实现关井、压井、分散剂注入、集油外还可进行节流作业。介绍了水下应急封井装置的下放安装及回收工艺,现场应用和试验情况。建议国内加强在水下应急封井装置标准、结构、技术、作业工艺等方面研究。

Subsea capping stack of developed and.developing abroad that was investigated for pro-tecting offshore drilling and oceanic environment of our country.Their configuration and function was distinguished by authors.Their configuration that one was ram blowout preventer configura-tion,one was valve configuration and the last one was combination configuration.Their function was distinguished three kinds too.The first one has ability to shut in the well only.The second one has ability to shut in the well,to kill the well,to inject dispersant in the well and to contain oil from accident well.The last one has ability to choke the well besides the second one capability. Technologic actuality for attachment and reclaim procedure practice of the subsea capping stack was analyzed.Field application and test was introduced too.Finally,the authors make suggestions at home for subsea capping stack research and application on criterion,configuration,technology, operation,etc.