被追诉人权利保护体系的位阶性研究

Study on the Ranks of Right Protection of the Accused

被追诉人权利保护体系由被追诉人诉讼权利的宪法保障、诉权保障和程序性辩护权保障这高、中、低三个位阶的内容组成。这三个位阶的保障措施和制度相互联系。其中,诉讼权利的宪法规定是法理依据,刑事诉权是权利依据,最终围绕程序性辩护展开。诉讼权利的宪法保障一方面要求基本权利入宪,另一方面要求基本权利具有可诉性。通过行使程序性诉权,被追诉人一方面可以主张自己的权利,另一方面,则可以通过提起司法审查之诉,使程序性违法行为被宣告无效。而程序性辩护则通过显著加强辩护权在审前阶段的力量强化被追诉人权利的保护。

The litigious right protection of the accused consists of the three ranks of constitutional assur- ance, litigious right assurance, and procedural defense right assurance, which are interrelated to each oth- er. Among them, constitutional prescription of litigious right is the legal basis, and criminal litigious right is the right basis, with procedural defense being developed finally. On the one hand, the constitutional as- surance of litigious right requires that the basic right be included in the Constitution, on the other hand, it requires that the basic right possess litigable quality. Through procedural litigation, the accused may claim his right;and through judicial review, the procedural unlawful act might be declared as void. The procedural defense, which obviously strengthens defense in the pre-trial stage, may reinforce the right protection of the accused.