2008─2012年甘肃省陇南市法定传染病流行特点调查

Investigation on epidemic characteristics of notifiable infectious diseases in Longnan City, Gansu from 2008 to 2012

目的根据2008-2012年甘肃省陇南市各区县报告法定传染病的发病情况，分析传染病流行的特点及原因。方法收集法定甲、乙和丙类传染病的发病例数，计算发病率和构成比，并进行统计学分析。结果2008--2012年陇南市共报告法定传染病23种60830例，年均发病率460．50／10万；男性发病率明显高于女性，二者差异有统计学意义（x^2=3086．29，P〈0．001）；无甲类传染病报告，乙类14种、丙类9种；发病排前五位的病种依次是乙型肝炎、肺结核、流行性腮腺炎、细菌性痢疾和手足口病，其中乙型肝炎和肺结核发病率最高，与其他传染病相比差异有统计学意义（x^2=30792．75，P〈0．001）；近五年陇南市法定传染病共报告死亡66例，年均死亡率0．50／10万，其中结核病51例；0～9岁组发病率最高，20～29岁组以后的发病率随年龄升高而逐渐降低；陇南地区武都区法定传染病发病率最高。结论陇南市法定传染病的流行还较严重，尤其是乙型肝炎和肺结核，因此对法定传染病的监控和防治仍然十分重要。

Objective To investigate incidence of notifiable infectious diseases in Longnan City, Gansu from 2008 to 2012, and analyze epidemic characteristics ofnotifiable infectious diseases. Methods The data including all notifiable in- fectious diseases occurred in Longnan City from 2008-2012 were collected to calculate incidence and constituent ratio, and statistical analysis was carried out. Results During 2008-2012, there were 60 830 cases with notifiable infectious diseases of 23 types in Longnan City, with annual incidence of 460.50/100 000, and the incidence was higher in the male than in the fe- male （x^2=3 086.29, P〈0.001）. There was no report on infectious diseases of class A, but there were 14 kinds of class B and 9 kinds of class C. The top five diseases were hepatitis B, pulmonary tuberculosis, mumps and bacterial dysentery, and hand-foot-mouth disease. Out of them, the incidence of hepatitis B and tuberculosis were significantly higher than that of other in- fectious diseases （x^2=30 792.75, P〈0.001）. During the latest five years, totally 66 dead cases were reported due to notifiable infectious diseases, with annual average mortality of 0.50/100 000, including 51 cases with tuberculosis. The highest inci- dence was in the age group of 0-9 year-old. After 20 to 29 year-old, the incidence gradually decreased along with the increase of age. Wudu District was the endemic area with the highest incidence of legal infectious diseases. Conclusions The re- suits show that the epidemic of notifiable infectious diseases is severe in Longnan City, especially hepatitis B and tuberculo- sis, so surveillance and control are important for notifiable infectious disease in Longnan City.