朊病毒病实验室检测质量控制特点分析

Analysis of quality control in laboratory for testing prion disease

目的分析朊病毒病重要实验室检测技术的质量控制环节,提高朊病毒病实验室诊断质量水平。方法从朊病毒常见检测方法,如脑组织的PrPSc免疫组化、脑组织的PrPSc的Western blot检测、脑脊液中14-3-3蛋白的Western blot检测以及血液样本中PRNP的基因检测技术等方面分析朊病毒病实验室诊断的质量控制要求。结果实验室检测过程质量控制是朊病毒检测结果准确与否的关键,有效蛋白酶K消化的时间和浓度是脑组织PrPSc的Western blot检测结果的保证,脑组织PrPSc的有效暴露和PrPC的去除是朊病毒病脑组织IHC检测的核心环节,脑脊液的质量是14-3-3Western blot检测的质量控制点,防止核酸污染是血液的PRNP序列测定的质量检测控制的关键。结论通过分析实验室检测的质量控制关键环节和控制措施,可有效加强朊病毒病实验室质量管理,提高朊病毒病实验室检测能力。

Objective To analyze quality control in laboratory for testing prion diseases, and to improve diagnosis quality in laboratory for testing prion diseases. Methods Quality requirement of classical diagnostic methods in laboratory for pri- on disease was analyzed, such as PrPsc immunohistochemistry on brain tissue, Western blot for PrPsc in brain tissue and 14-3-3 protein in cerebrospinal fluid and sequencing PRNP gene in blood sample. Results Quality control of laboratory testing was the key to priori detection capabilities. The digestion concentration and time of proteinase K ensured detection for the brain tissue PrPsc by Western blot; PrPsc effective exposure and PrPc removal of patient＇ s brain tissue from prion disease were the key in IHC testing. The quality of cerebrospinal fluid was the quality control points of 14-3-3 testing through West- ern blot. Preventing nucleic acid pollution was the key quality control point of blood PRNP sequence. Conclusions To an- alyze the quality control keys and improve measures can effectively enhance the laboratory quality management and laborato- ry testing capacity of prion diseases.