影响90年代上海稻谷单产增长因素的综合分析

ANALYSIS OF FACTORS PROMOTING INCREASES OF UNIT AREA RICE YIELD IN SHANGHAI DURING 1990～1998

通过对 1990～ 1998年上海水稻新农艺、新品种、熟制、农田基本设施及财政投入等影响单产增长因素的分析 ,结果表明 2 0世纪 90年代上海水稻单产增长的主要原因是 :现代水稻栽培农艺的大范围推广、优良水稻品种的成功选育、引进和推广 ,为提高水稻单产提供了有力的技术保证 ;实行单季晚稻为主的麦稻二熟种植制度 ,避开了不利的天气气候对水稻生产的影响 ;稻谷收购价格、收购财政补贴额的增长 ,提高了农民的种粮积极性 ;农业水利投资的增加 ,提高了防灾抗灾能力。进一步提高上海稻谷单产的关键是加大农业科技投入的力度 ,充分发挥现有常规育种技术和优良品种作用 ,同时重视运用生物技术 ,培育更高产。

According to the results of analyzing the factors influencing increases of unit area rice yield in Shanghai during 1990～1998,such as new rice cultivation techniques,new rice varieties,cropping systems,farmland capital constructions financial inputs,etc.,the major causes of unit area rice yield increases during 1990～1998 can be summarized as follows:providing mighty technical insurance for enhancing unit area rice yield by wide extension of modern rice cultivation techniques,successful selection and breeding as well as introduction and extension of elite rice varieties;avoiding the influence of adverse weather and climate on rice production by practice of wheat rice double cropping system with single cropping late rice as main crop;raising the positivity of peasantry in planting grain crops by rise in rice purchasing price and financial subsidy for rice purchase;strengthening the capability of resisting and preventing disasters by augmentation of farmland water conservancy investment.The key measures for further increasing unit area rice yield in Shanghai consist in augmenting the strength of agricultural scientific and technical inputs,fully extending modern rice cultivation techniques,allowing full play to the role of existing routine breeding techniques and elite rice varieties and attaching importance to the application of biotechnology to the breeding of further high yielding,high quality rice varieties.