生物质发电建设项目粉尘作业危害与控制

Damage caused by dust-exposure and control effectiveness of dust in the biomass power generation plant

目的了解生物质发电项目粉尘作业危害状况,提出其控制措施,为生物质发电企业的粉尘治理及职业卫生管理提供依据。方法在职业卫生调查的基础上,依据国家有关标准和规范的要求,对所存在的粉尘作业岗位进行检测,并评估粉尘作业场所防尘设施的防护效果。结果现场调查发现,该项目的粉尘危害主要存在于燃料输送系统及除灰系统。经现场检测,发现粉尘作业场所粉尘浓度超标点较多,粉尘作业岗位合格率仅为53.8%。针对粉尘超标岗位,企业采取了一系列整改治理措施。整改后粉尘作业岗位的时间加权平均浓度(CTWA)较整改前大幅下降,整改治理措施起到了良好的效果。结论生物质发电建设项目的粉尘危害不容忽视。采取适当的卫生工程防护措施,增强企业的职业病防治意识,提高其职业卫生管理水平是遏制生物质发电项目粉尘危害的关键。

Objective To investigate current status of dust hazard in the biomass power generation plant ,and put forward rectification measures, so as to provide evidence for the biomass power generation enterprise in dust control and occupational health management. Methods On the basis of the occupational hygiene investigation, the dust concentrations of dust - exposed posts were examined, and the protection effects of dustproof facilities in dust - exposed workplaces were assessed. Results The field investigation found that the dust hazards of the enterprise mainly existed in the fuel delivery system and ash removal system. The field test showed that the dust concentrations of the majority of dust - exposed posts ex- ceeded the occupational exposure limits （OELs） ,the passing rate was only 53.8% in the dust - exposed posts. Towards the dust - exposed posts exceeding OELs, the enterprise took a series of rectification measures. After the rectification, concen- tration - time weighted average （ CwwA ） of dust - exposed posts dropped drastically than that before rectification, and the rectification measures achieved ideal effect. Conclusion The dust hazards from the biomass power generation plant cannot be ignored. Taking appropriate sanitary engineering protective measures, enhancing the awareness of occupational disease prevention among enterprises and improving their occupational health management level are critical points for curbing dust hazards in the biomass power generation enterprises.