略论中国古代歌诗之演化轨迹

Brief Discussion on Evolutionary Track of Song Poems in Ancient China

在中国古代歌诗之演化进程中,音乐与文学的相互作用是影响歌诗体式的重要原因。《诗经》与雅乐的分离是四言诗衰蜕的根本原因。楚歌疏离音乐而赋化,形成《离骚》类抒情诗的新特点。新题乐府摆脱乐府古题的束缚,打破歌诗与徒诗界限,造成乐府歌诗向徒诗的演化。文人开启词体雅化,诗体为词体雅化的参照,而音乐变化导致词体脱离音乐。在特定社会文化背景下形成散曲的尚俗特征,文人雅化难以突破曲体制约。在尚俗与雅化博弈中,造成散曲雅俗互陈的状态。中国古代歌诗的演化历史,为中国新诗进入歌诗时代提供了启示。

In the evolutionary process of the song poems in ancient China, interactions between music and literature were important causes affecting the song poetic style. The ＂Book of Songs＂ with the court music separation was the basic reason which the four syllables poem declined. The ＂Songs of Chu＂ evolved away from music to form lyric poems like ＂Lisao＂ in ode style, forming new characteristics. The ＂New Yuefu＂ broke through the fetter of the old ＂Yuefu＂, breaking the boundary of song poems and pure poems, and initiated the evolution of ＂Yuefu＂ poems from song poems pure poems. Literati made Ci poems elegant, and music changes caused Ci poems to be separated from music. Sanqu, a type of verse with tonal patterns, had the characteristics of secularism, the refinement by literati could not break its constraint, created Sanqu the elegantly vulgar parallel condition. The evolution of song poems in ancient China provides historical enlightenment for Chinese modern poetry into song poetry era.