核酸疫苗研究进展

Research progress in nucleic acid vaccine

核酸疫苗是将编码某种抗原的外源基因（DNA或RNA）直接导入动物体细胞内,通过宿主细胞表达系统合成抗原,诱导宿主产生对该抗原的免疫应答,以达到防治疾病目的的一类新型疫苗.研究表明,核酸疫苗不仅具有良好的免疫原性和安全性,而且由于核酸更易于修饰和改造,使核酸疫苗较以往蛋白疫苗具有更大的灵活性.在实际生产中,核酸疫苗的制备和纯化工艺较为简单,生产周期短,生产成本低,且易于制成多价疫苗,因此极有可能成为下一个成功应用于人类的新型疫苗.此文对核酸疫苗的研究进展做一综述.

Nucleic acid vaccine is a new type of vaccine, which can deliver foreign genes （DNA or RNA） encoding antigens of interest directly into animal cells, produce antigens through host cell expression system, and further induce immune response in the host. It is reported that nucleic acid vaccine is better than protein vaccine because it is immunogenic and safe, and easy to be modified and manufactured. In practical production, nucleic acid vaccine has many advantages, such as easy preparation and purification, short production cycle, low production cost, and easy to form multivalent vaccines. Therefore, it is hopeful that nucleic acid vaccine will become a successful vaccine for human use. This review summarizes research progress of nucleic acid vaccine