论宪法对基本权利之限制的逻辑

The Logic of Constitutional Restrictions on Fundamental Rights

我国宪法在第二章规定了公民的基本权利与义务。毫无疑问,这是国家对公民基本权利的洋溢表达与热情拥护,也是国家对公民基本权利的直接肯定。对公民基本权利的尊重是任何一个法治国家的一项终极义务之所在,法治就意味着国家极力保障公民权利。然而,众所周知,权利的行使是有其界限的。因此,各国宪法在规定人民享有基本权利的同时,又对公民基本权利行使做出了相应的限制。就其宪法限制公民之基本权利而言,法律保留原则对于保障基本权利显得尤为重要,事物之内在本质在限制基本权利方面的考量也不容忽视,比例原则作为对限制的限制的审查标准对基本权利之保障起到了画龙点睛之笔。

In the second chapter of the Constitution, it provides for citizens＇ basic rights and obligations. There is no doubt that our citizens＇ basic rights are affirmed passionately by our country. Meanwhile, the country which is ruled of law, respecting for the fundamental rights of citizens is ultimate obligation. It means that the state tries to protect the civil rights. However, as everyone knows, the exercise of rights has its limits. Therefore, in the provisions of the constitutions, on the one hand, people enjoy their own basic rights; on the other hand, for the exercise of fundamental rights of citizens, it makes corresponding limits. Restrictions on its citizens＇ basic constitutional rights, the principle of legal reserves for the protection of fundamental rights is particularly important; the inherent nature of things in limiting fundamental rights can not be ignored; the principle of proportionality in the public law as the criteria of the restrictions on the fundamental rights in the judiciary review system makes a finishing point.