东莞市街头无偿献血者知信行调查分析

The study of Dongguan city street blood donor′KAP

目的:了解东莞市街头献血者对无偿献血的相关知识和政策的认知水平、态度和行为状况,为我市无偿献血工作的改进和优化提供科学依据。方法:采用自制调查问卷对我市街头献血者进行调查,内容包括无偿献血相关知识和政策、献血动机、担心的问题、了解无偿献血的途径。结果:初次献血者和重复献血者在绝大部分调查项都有显著性差异。重复献血者对无偿献血政策、血液和献血知识的了解程度要远远高于初次献血者,"新闻媒体和公益广告"在献血者了解途径中均排在第一位,"家人、亲戚朋友"在初次献血者的了解途径中占有相当重要的地位。"献爱心"和"献血有益健康,免费体检"在献血动机中均排在前两位,"其他(好奇,查血型,减肥等)"在初次献血者的动机中占了很大一部分比例。初次献血者最担心的问题是"影响健康、工作和生活",而重复献血者最担心的是"血液去向及是否得到合理利用"。结论:根据此次调查结果,运用社会营销原理、心理咨询和马斯洛需求层次理论,有目的和针对性地进行宣传和招募,能促使献血者由知向信进而行为的转变。

Objective：To understand Dongguan city street donors＇ cognitive level, attitude and behavior status of blood donation and related knowledge, policy, for providing a scientific basis for improving and optimizing the work of blood donation. Method：Investigate our city street blood donors by using the self-made questionnaire, contents include the related knowledge and polic^y of blood donation, blood donation motivations, the Worry about, the ways to understand the blood donation. Result：The first-time and repeat donors have significant difference in the vast majority of survey items. The repeat donors＇ understanding of the blood donation＇ policy and knowledge, is far higher than the first-time blood donors. ＂The news media and the public interest advertising＂ are both ranked first in blood donors＂ understanding ways, ＂family, relatives and friends＂ occupies a very important position in the understanding ways of the first time donors. ＂Love＂ and ＂blood donation is good for health, free medical examination＂ in blood donation motivation are both ranked in the top two, ＂The other （curiosity, check the blood type, weight reduction）＂ accounted for a large proportion in the first-time donor＂ motivation. First-time donors are most concerned about is ＂affecting health, work and life＂, and repeat donors are most worried about is ＂blood flowing and whether the blood get reasonable use＂, Conclusion：Based on the results of the study, using social marketing theory, psychological counseling and Maslow＇s hierarchy of needs, propagating and recruiting purposely, can promote blood donors from knowledge to attitude and to practice.