新老大豆品种不同节位叶片性状及其与籽粒产量的相关性研究

Comparison of relationships between leaf traits and grain yield at each node of new and old soybean cultivars

【目的】分析新老大豆品种各生育期不同节位产量及叶片性状的变化,为吉林省大豆高产育种和栽培提供理论依据。【方法】以1929年育成品种元宝金、1941年育成品种金元1号、1999年育成品种吉农7号和2000年育成品种吉林45号为材料,比较新老品种不同节位产量与净光合速率、叶面积、光合能力、叶片干质量、比叶质量和叶绿素含量的变化及其相关性。【结果】各大豆品种在整个生育期间不同节位的叶片性状不同;元宝金和金元1号在生育前期中下部节位叶片的叶面积大,净光合速率、光合能力和叶绿素含量高,而生育后期叶片功能下降较快;吉农7号和吉林45号在生育后期中上部节位叶片的叶面积大,净光合速率、光合能力和叶绿素含量高,叶片功能持续期长,这些节位的产量也比较高;元宝金和金元1号的产量与净光合速率、叶面积、光合能力、叶片干质量和比叶质量呈极显著正相关;吉农7号和吉林45号的产量与净光合速率、叶面积、光合能力和叶绿素含量呈极显著正相关,且相关性较2个老品种更密切。【结论】吉农7号和吉林45号产量提高是由于中上部节位的净光合速率、叶面积、光合能力和叶绿素含量得以改善的结果。

【Objective】The study analyzed the changes of yield and leaf traits at each node of both new and old soybean cultivars at different growth stages,to improve soybean highyield breeding and cultivation in Jilin Province.【Method】Using Yuanbaojin （1929）,Jinyuan 1 （1940）,Jinong 7 （1999） and Jilin 45 （2000） as experimental materials,net photosynthetic rate,leaf area,photosynthetic capacity,leaf dry weight,specific leaf weight and chlorophyll content at each node of the new and old soybean cultivars were measured.The variations and correlations between the yield and leaf traits were analyzed.【Result】Leaf traits at each node of all tested cultivars were different during the whole growth stage.Yuanbaojin and Jinyuan 1 had bigger leaf area and higher net photosynthetic rate,photosynthetic capacity and chlorophyll content at middle and lower layers in early growth stage.However,their leaf functions aged fast in later growth period.Jinong 7 and Jilin 45 had bigger leaf area and higher net photosynthetic rate,photosynthetic capacity and chlorophyll content at middle and upper nodes in later growth period.And their leaf functions last long and the yields of these nodes were higher.The positive correlation between yield and net photosynthetic rate,leaf area,photosynthetic capacity,leaf dry weight and specific leaf weight of Yuanbaojin and Jinyuan 1 was extremely significant.And the positive correlation between yield and net photosynthetic rate,leaf area,photosynthetic capacity and chlorophyll content of Jinong 7 and Jilin 45 was extremely significant as well.The correlations were more closely than two old cultivars.【Conclusion】The increase of yields of Jinong 7 and Jilin 45 was resulted from the improvement of net photosynthetic rate,leaf area,photosynthetic capacity and chlorophyll content at upper and middle layers.